The Hunting Die - Improving Encounter Rolls, Again!

The Hunting Die - Improving Encounter Rolls or, a Predatory Encounters/Underclock Alternative

Rather recently, I shared PREDATORY ENCOUNTERS which is a method to increase the number of random encounters and create a greater sense of tension in your games. Now, I'm sharing another method, a slight twist on the random encounter roll called 'The Hunting Die'. First, check out ANOTHER UNDERCLOCK by James Young, which deeply influenced this post (and special thanks to Goblin's Henchmen). Now, let's get into it: 

Take your Overloaded Encounter Die, usually a d6, decide on a formula you like (examples, here, here, here, here, here, here, here) and have encounters occur on a 1. THEN grab another set of polyhedral dice - big, scary ones. These are your Hunting Dice - they represent the dungeon inhabitants searching out your players. You'll only ever use one of these dice at a time. This Hunting Die starts as a d20 and is rolled simultaneously with the overloaded encounter die. 

Use the overloaded encounter die as you would normally, fulfilling its results as they occur (light depletion, dungeon effects, etc), with encounters happening as normal on results of 1. At the same time, you are rolling the Hunting Die. The Hunting Die only comes into effect on results of 1. Rolling a 1 on the Hunting Die triggers an encounter with the dungeon's 'main faction'. Rolling any other result causes the Hunting Die to decrease one Die size, but more on that later. 

What? 'Main Faction'? Huh? This is whichever faction, being or entity is most dominant in whatever area the party are currently in. For example, C.H.U.Ds in the Cannibal Clan Sewers, Doleful Shades in the Katabatic Cave, the Driller-Killer himself in the Lair of the Driller-Killer or the Slime Duke and his cohorts but only in the slimy northern chambers of the Chaos Kings's Megadungeon. This is not to say that the dungeon's dominant party should not appear on your usual, regular encounter table but it's good to promote encounters with the dungeon's main movers and shakers - you wouldn't want to run a vampire dungeon and encounter no, or not many vampires, would you? It's happened to me. Rolling two dice for encounters has its quirks, overloaded encounter die results can trigger at the same time as the Hunting Die encounter and if both the Encounter Die and Hunting Die roll 1's, you know what that means, double encounter!

For example

After rolling the Encounter Die and the Hunting Die (whether the Encounter Die results in an encounter or not) reduce the die size of the Hunting Die from a d20 to a d12. This represents that the dungeon inhabitants are getting closer to finding your players. Reduce the size of the Hunting Die each time it is rolled and does not result in an encounter (any result other than 1). Continue to reduce the Hunting Die (d12 to d10 and so on) after every encounter roll until it rolls a 1 and triggers a faction encounter. After the Hunting Die's encounter is resolved, the die resets in size back up to d20. This helps to keep both the feel of rising tension and the idea that an encounter can occur at any moment.

If the players draw attention to themselves you have a few options. Instant reduction in the size of the Hunting Die, or, if the characters are particularly overt, instantly roll the Hunting Die with the Encounter Die regardless of how much time that has passed. You can even do both at once. How you play this is up to your discretion as a DM.

Tips, Tricks, Options, Opinions and Alternatives 

• Keep the Hunting Die visible. Your players should know how close they are to being attacked, but, keeping die based will ensure more tension than a static and obvious 'right now' point. Consider it being a player role to keep track of the Hunting Die and roll for encounters.
• Certain actions may permanently reduce the maximum size of the Hunting Die. The Hunting Die max size will only reset to d20 if the players leave the dungeon. These actions may include sleeping in the dungeon, stealing particularly important treasure or killing dungeon leaders. 
• A more unforgiving option is that the first faction encounter, the Hunting Die only resets to d12. The die never resets to d20 until players leave the dungeon.
• There is no bespoke method for stealth with this method but reward your players for being sneaky and trying to waylay or hide from their pursuers. There is no reason to not have your players hide. It's fun. 
• This method also works for wilderness or overland encounters. For example, in the Mutated March of the Mad Mage you'd be pursued by the Mad Mage's Mutoids and in the Splendiferous Spirelands your party would be questioned by a patrol of Sir Spike Spiral's Spiny Spearmen (and so on). In particularly large regions consider local lairs, landmarks, hideouts, towns, etc when considering what/who the Hunting Die should represent. Consider that the Hunting Die encounter may have different results during the day and the night.
• Just as the Overloaded Encounter Die has things occur on any result of 1 through 6, could this be applied to the Hunting Die? For example, a result of 2 on the Hunting Die could represent that the Faction Encounter is close by. Any hasty/loud action could alert them. I would not do much more than this for the sake of my own cognitive load. 
• Consider how a Hunting Die's encounter should be different to a standard encounter. In dungeons and other underworld spaces, these encounters should, more often than not, be hostile, like white blood cells attempting to extirpate any outside intruders. 

An Epilogue on Encumbrance

This whole post was inspired by James Young's 'Another Underclock'. The one thing this method does not take into account is encumbrance as James Young's system does. I can only think of this - and it's slightly dumb - the more encumbered the party, the larger the faction encounter becomes. For example, if you are using encumbrance levels and your most encumbered player has an encumbrance of 4, then the faction encounter has an additional 4 HD. This works better for encounters with lots of individuals, the party are moving slower and their pursuers can better organise, so an extra eight 1/2 HD goblins - ouch. But this works less so for lone wandering monsters. Why would the minotaur have an extra 4 HD because the party thief is carrying too much treasure? It doesn't quite fit. Perhaps encumbrance could affect chances of the party being surprised or someone on encumbrance '3' would cause the Hunter Die encounter to be triggered on 1, 2 or 3 - but that might result in far too many encounters. 

PREDATORY ENCOUNTERS - IMPROVING THE RANDOM ENCOUNTER

PREDATORY ENCOUNTERS - IMPROVING THE ENCOUNTER DIE WITH TENSION, STEALTH & DUNGEON REACTIVITY, OR - A SIMPLE UNDERCLOCK ALTERNATIVE

Do you want encounters to occur more regularly?  

Do you want the dungeon to respond to your players' foolishness?  

Do you want your players to feel hunted and pursued?

Try the Predatory Encounter Die!*

The dungeon has found them - all art is from Down in the Dungeon, 1981

Standard Encounter Rolls

At its most basic level, the typical encounter roll looks like this:  

"Every 10 minutes, roll 1d6. On a 1, a random encounter occurs."  

Overloaded Encounter Rolls
A sagely fellow (Necropraxis I believe) once asked “what about the other numbers?”. Overloaded Encounter rolls largely function the same as Standard Encounter rolls, save that there are results for rolls of 2-6. Meaning that rolling is always meaningful. These results typically include things such as light source depletion, a description of the environment or signs/spoors/omens/clues that hint at nearby wandering monsters. Everyone has their own formula for a good Overloaded Encounter die. Until I share mine, find some here, here and here (but there are many more). BUT, some still felt this roll was lacking - ‘is 1-in-6 frequent enough?’ or ‘this is fun, but still feels static’. I know I have certainly run dungeon sessions and one-shots where due to the whims of the dice, there have been no actual encounters. Many have tried to fix this, which leads us to…

The Underclock
Somewhat recently, Arnold K of Goblin Punch tackled this problem by introducing The Underclock which is essentially a countdown to a guaranteed encounter. The Underclock does a few things, it is meant to ensure an encounter, suggest that the dungeon is responding to the actions of the players and create a sense of tension, a feeling of pursuit. However, in practice, (I have played in games with the Underclock) it introduces too much predictability  - players feel safe when the Underclock is high, plus it's just that bit fiddlier than rolling a die. But what if there was…

Another Way - The PREDATORY ENCOUNTER DIE
What if we could combine the variated, meaningful results of the Overloaded Encounter Die, the tension of The Underclock and ensure encounter frequency in a simple manner? That's this method. The standard encounter roll becomes a measure of the dungeon’s awareness as it shifts and searches for the players. It's very simple, surely done before, but, this is it:

They are hunted

How It Works
1. Start with a d6 (this is your Encounter Die) as standard.  
2. Roll it whenever you would normally check for encounters, every ten minutes, every three rooms, etc.
3. If the result is 6 (or higher), an encounter occurs. 
4. Results of 2-5 trigger standard Overloaded Encounter effects (light depletion, environmental signs, etc.) according to your taste. In addition to any effect on rolls 2-5, the encounter die increases in size (d8 → d10 → d12 → d20) as the dungeon hones in on the party. When you next roll for encounters, do so with the new die size. Encounters continue to occur on a 6 or higher. The probability grows - the monsters are getting nearer!
5. A result of 1, lowers the Predatory Encounter Die size by one increment. 
6. Importantly, the Predatory Encounter die also increases in size whenever player characters make loud noises, allow intelligent/organised enemies to escape or otherwise draw attention to themselves.
7. Once an encounter does occur and is resolved (or the party leave the dungeon), the encounter die resets back to d6. However, the minimum encounter die size can increase if the dungeon becomes particularly alert.  
8. Hiding successfully for 10 minutes (which still requires an encounter roll as time passes) can reduce the encounter die back to a d6. 

Encounter Probability by Die Size

Die Size_____Encounter Chance

d6__________16.67% 

d8__________37.5% 

d10_________50% 

d12_________58.33%  (weird!)

d20_________75% 

It works! The probability is weird and lumpy but your players will get it, big = bad. This method is meant to be player-facing. Let your players see the die grow, make them roll it. Having it out on the table will give rise to tension and be a constant reminder that something is looking for them and that it is getting closer. However, if the encounter rate seems too high, check out the alternate method below.

The dungeon takes its prisoners

Tips, Adjustments and Options

• A roll of 1 on the encounter die can represent a lull or lapse in alertness and lowers the die size by one.
• What constitutes a rise in the encounter die? You know already, explosions, throwing skeletons down wells, kicking down doors, any kind of demolition/destruction, if intelligent enemies are able and allowed to report the party’s location, and depending on your setting and opinion - the use of firearms. Anything that feels like it should increase the dungeon’s alertness levels - should.
• If needed, use a small tracker to help keep on top of the encounter die, all that would be needed is 5 boxes, labelled d6 through to d20 and a bead to place on the current encounter die size. Let the players see this.
• When hiding, players should think about how and where they are hiding and describe it as they would any other action, such as with inspecting and disarming traps for instance. If your system has a stealth skill, that can be used only if an encounter is rolled while the party is hidden. On a successful stealth roll, reroll the encounter die or bypass the encounter - it's up to you. Their description and hiding place may give them a bonus or malus to the roll. It might be so good they don’t even need to roll!  This will increase that particular feeling of stealth in your games and allow for scenes I’d never or very rarely seen before - the DM describing the party hiding while a monster walks past them. I can see the various rolls, results and DM description in this classic LotR scene.
• This is optional; If players severely disrupt the dungeon, increase the minimum die size (e.g. it defaults to a d8 instead of d6). Perhaps if the party steals the all-important Blue Jewel or the Dragon’s egg, slay the High-Priest, get sprayed with stinking monster-bait, stab the dungeon’s beating heart, insult the Goblin Queen. Any dramatic event might qualify and reducing the minimum die size would be bespoke to whatever caused its rise.
• Generous DMs can offer a reprieve by temporarily using a d4 encounter die that cannot trigger encounters.
• Predatory Encounters are tougher than regular encounter mechanics, this is ok. It will make your players tougher in kind.

The Alternate Method

• However, to reduce the encounter rate, consider this - remove the out of turn and automatic increases to the encounter die. Instead, during a 10 minute turn, ask yourself as the DM, 'do the player's actions warrant an increase in the size of encounter die?' if yes, increase the die size, if not keep the encounter die size and roll as normal. There are no automatic increases with this method, instead you would immediately roll for encounters with the current die size whenever the party do anything that might draw attention to themselves. Otherwise, the mechanic remains the same.

Why Use this Rule?

This slight change for rolling for encounters retains meaning with every roll, creates tension, meaningful choices and gives the dungeon another avenue to feel like a living thing.
- It maintains traditional encounter mechanics while adding a rising feeling of escalation and responsiveness.  
- The dungeon feels more alive, it can react more dynamically to the players' actions and will feel less empty.
- The dungeon responds organically, the more players create a ruckus, the more alert its inhabitants become in trying to find them.
- The encounter die, always increases in size. Players will feel hunted, pursued, like the intruders they are. Even after an encounter, there is no assumed safety or reprieve unless earned.
- Encounters remain unpredictable. Players never know exactly when the next encounter will happen, but they know how much more likely it will be. HP low, Encounter Die big 😱, let's roll…. a 3! Phew!
- Stealth and caution become meaningful, not assumed. As stated, players can attempt to lower the encounter die size by hiding, taking special precautions or otherwise satiating the dungeon. I understand adventurers are assumed to be moving quietly at all times but this change brings that behaviour to the fore. Player’s will devote time to hiding (which they would never otherwise do) and search out places to hide. Using Predatory Encounter rolls is like a stealth system in of itself, the higher the encounter die size the harder it is to hide. 

 

Try it out in your next session, see how the game changes.
Let me know how it works for you, what you tweaked or changed and if you like this post, do follow. I’ve got a small post about making light a mechanically important resource coming very soon. It has some elegance to it if I do say so myself.

No exit

*(It's so simple, I'm sure a million people have thought of it before me)

CAVEMAN, Lair 15%

Beneath the light of a blood-red star, a loping horde of savage hominids cross a primeval plain - a scantily-clad maiden slung across the sinewy shoulders of their brutish chief...

Captured princesses! Rampaging ape-men! Jewels for the plunder! Here’s a 3LBB-style caveman lair for an OD&D lair design contest. Inspired by the lurid, two-fisted illustrations of Frank Frazetta. I leaned into pulp, into cavesploitation - and shan't apologize for it!

As an OD&D neophyte, I’ve done my best to ape (pun intended) the '70s style, tone, and idiosyncrasies, though some modern sensibilities may have crept in. Hopefully, it still feels right and carries some of those early-days fantasy weirdness. Writing this was enjoyable. The formatting was decided by the contest, the expectation that the entries should be easily inserted into a campaign and the fact this is a lair, rather than a true dungeon really contributed to that. I planned to publish more dungeons this year, this wasn't one of them, so stay tuned!

All art by Frank Frazetta, map by Dyson Logos

EDIT: Here is the updated and non-copyright infringing (basically artfree 😢) 2 page version (the illustration is taken from Weird Tales):

And here's the original 🫣:

My Savage World Personality Generator may pair well with the dungeon. Find it here.

Choose-Your-Own Death & Dismemberment

Bodies Shall Be Broken: A Free-Form Wound and Dismemberment System for TTRPGs.

- Lets lose some body parts.

Once per level (e.g. once at level one, again at level two, and so on) a PC can avoid death by taking a serious wound. Should something reduce a character to a death state, typically 0 HP or lower, the player can elect for their PC to receive a wound instead. Of course, this is only an option if the character hasn’t already used this feature at their current level - if they have their character would be killed as normal.

To determine the wound, the player will reflect on the damage their character has received and will present two different outcomes to the other players and the DM - the best and worst case scenarios of what could happen to the character. In other words, a wound and an even worse wound. For example; a lost finger vs a lost hand, a facial scar vs a lost eye, violent vomiting vs internal bleeding, a few lost teeth vs a broken jaw. 

Then the player rolls a d20 under their character’s Wisdom score (or Luck, if you use it), and on success the character receives the lesser wound. On failure, they suffer the greater wound. The DM will adjudicate the specific mechanical effects of the wound from here. Then the PC gains 1d4-2 HP. If 0 or -1 HP is rolled the character is unconscious until aid is administered.

Other Advice:

It is the DM’s responsibility to ensure players do not understate the damage or severity of the wounds they may receive. If a suggested wound feels too minor the DM can elevate it. The DM can do this in a few different ways. For example, the DM can ask the wounded player (or even another player at the table) to make the suggested wound more severe. Alternatively, the DM provide two different elevated versions of the suggested wound that the player must pick between. The serious wound must be something that causes a permanent effect or loss - lost limbs, hands, blindness, loss of senses, scorched lungs, horrific scarring or things more esoteric in the case of magical damage. Have a look at different Death and Dismemberment systems for ideas for wounds and ways to rule them. Try Hackjack and So It Looks Like You're Gonna Die for some wound ideas that range in severity. 

Characters don’t ‘bank’ wounds for unused levels. This ability is once per level, not one per level. If a character reaches level 5 without being wounded, they can still only avoid death once - until they reach level 6.

How to determine where the wound hits? The DM should always give some description to attacks and damage dealt during play so that a player has a springboard on which to suggest wounds when the need arises. However, if unsure, the player can use a wound location table, rolling 2d10, choosing between the two results and suggesting their best and worst case scenario wounds for that location.

1d10 Wound Locations

1. Head

2. Face or Throat

3. Arm/s

4. Hand/s

5. Upper torso (heart and lungs)

6. Lower torso (including groin, stomach and other organs)

7. Back/Spine

8. Leg/s

9. Foot/feet

10. Any skin, flesh, blood, muscle, organ or bone/s.

Some Examples:

• For example, the 2nd level fighter, Grongo Beetleweather has been thrown from a cliff and reduced to -9 HP. At first level, he avoided death when bitten by a Leaping-Eel and was lucky to have only lost a toe, rather than his whole foot. He hasn’t used his 2nd level wound. Grongo’s player suggests that Grongo can either suffer a head-wound that makes him feel vertigo at height or break a leg. The DM asks the player to their right to make the worst case scenario wound worse to which that player says “Umm, two broken legs?”. Grongo’s player rolls a d20 vs their Wisdom and… succeeds! The DM narrates what happens to Grongo Beetleweather and the player rolls a d4-2 to determine their current HP… a 2, 2-2=0. Grongo is unconscious at the bottom of the cliff.
• Mistwhistelian the Murmuring is a 3rd level Magic-User. They were injured last session, and now wear an eye-patch. This session, Mistwhistelian has fallen in a pit full of acid. Having already used their wound for this level, Mistwhistelian the Murmuring is melted. How unfortunate. 
• Glubgub the Toroid-Transporter has been stabbed by a Cloaked Invisi-Zombie and reduced to -1 HP! DEATH?! No, Glubgub is a level 1 Halfling and hasn’t been wounded yet, so wounded he shall be. Shall Glubgub suffer an arcane scar that stings in the presence of the undead or shall the tip of the Invisi-Zombie’s arcane-blade lodge itself in in Glubgub’s breast, never to heal, slowly poisoning him and causing his own slow transformation into an invisi-zombie? How would you adjudicate that?

Author’s thoughts:

Death and Dismemberment systems, grisly as they may be, are something I really want in games but am never satisfied with. I started the year with a Death and Dismemberment system (Hackjack, which was this overwrought, unwieldy thing) and I’m ending the year with another. Though I'm sure it's not my last attempt, I’m more satisfied with this system for quite a few reasons - it gives the player a bit of control (but not too much), remains tense, it caters for any kind of damage received because it is powered by a player’s imagination rather than tables, it doesn't require a large subsystem to explain or intrude mechanically on other parts of the game, it doesn't make PCs too hardy (it actually gives an advantage to lower level characters) and only distributes dramatic, cool wounds that player's would be happy with. I'm sure this Death and Dismemberment method can be expanded on, for example, you might be able to 'recharge' the ability to be wounded by carousing or Dwarves/Barbarians/Orcs might be able to receive two wounds per level rather than one. It would also work as an Insanity system.

Summary:

Once per level, a PC reduced to 0 HP or lower can avoid death by taking a wound.

Propose Wounds: The Wounded character’s player suggests a lesser and a greater wound (e.g., lost finger vs lost hand).

DM’s Role: Escalate understated wound suggestions.

Roll d20: Under Wisdom (or Luck).

Success: Take the lesser wound.

Failure: Take the greater wound.

HP Recovery: Roll 1d4-2. If at 0 or -1 HP, the PC is unconscious until aided.